Dramatists are called playwrights nowadays and there
a
re no longer such great dramatists as Shakespeare or B. Show. If we want to go to the theatre we buy tickets at the box-office and show them to the attendant at the entrance. In the building there is a hall, a large foyer and a cloakroom where we leave ou
r
overcoats, hats, etc. The audience can walk in the foyer in the intervals. Many doors lead to the auditorium consisting of stalls, boxes and balconies. In front of the auditorium there is a curtain separating it from the stage. The curtain rises when the

play begins and falls at the end of each act Many people must work together to produce a play. The author writes it; the producer conducts the acting; carpenters, mechanics, designers prepare the scenery; electricians and light operators see to the light
effects and operate the floodlights. We, the playgoers (or fans) demand an interesting plot, good acting and impressive scenery Ч that is two hours of good entertainment.


Cinema ( Кино )



In England the cinema is usually called «the pictures». In America the word «the movie»
Is often used. Cinema-going is a favorite pastime in Britain. People go to the cinema once or twice a week. Cinema-going is more popular in industrial towns in the North of England and Scotland than In the South. However, especiall
y If it is cold and wet outside, many people like to stay at home to watch TV. Cinemas in England are usually large and more comfortable than the theatres. Often there is a restaurant, so that it is possible to spend an afternoon and evening there (if you

have enough money, of course). Behind the cinema screen there is a stage, so that the building can be used for concerts and other performances. British cinemagoers see mainly English and American films, though many of the foreign films are often shown in
L
ondon and in the South of the country. In our country cinema going is not so popular now as it was earlier. People prefer to stay at home and to watch TV or video. I like to watch films very much. I prefer thrillers, comedies and horror movies, but I do n
ot like tragedies and melodra¬mas very much, and I hate soap operas, although they are becoming very popu¬lar in our country. My favorite film is …
with ... starring. It is really wonderful from the beginning to the end. There are a lot of films, which are worth see¬ing, but this one is the best one to my mind.

Seasons (Сезоны года)


There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. March, April and May are spring months. Spring is the most pleasant of all the seasons of the year. The weather is getting warmer and warmer; everything changes and seems
to revive. The trees begin to bud. Sometimes it rains, but there are no rough winds; the sun shines brightly. The grass is green and one can see a lot of flowers peeping out from it. In spring all the migratory birds return. They sing sweetly on the bran
c
hes of the trees. The summer months are June, July and August. Summer is the hottest season of the year. The days are longest in summer. The longest day of the year is the 22-nd of June. Some people like summer best of all. All of us enjoy summer with its

cloudless sunshine, with its gardens and meadows full of flowers. There is a lot of fruit and vegetables at that time. In summer many people leave town and spend the hottest time in the country or at the seaside. After summer autumn comes. The autumn mont
hs are September, October and November. The warm days of early autumn are called the «Golden Autumn». The «Golden Autumn»
is really beautiful with its yellow, red and brown trees and golden leaves falling down. Autumn is the season of fruit and vegetables.
But the days become shorter and the nights longer and darker. The weather is not so good as in spring and in summer. It often rains and the air gets colder and colder. Winter is the coldest season of the year. The winter months are December, January and F
e
bruary. The winter days are short and gloomy. It often snows and it freezes. Winter is a very beautiful season too. Some people like it very much. It is pleasant to walk when it is not very cold and it snows. The ground is covered with snow. The trees and
the roofs are white with snow too. Winter also gives great opportunities for those who go in for winter sports. I think every season has a charm of its own.


Environmental Protection
( Защита окружающей
среды )

I think that nature is the most wonder
ful thing in the world. It gives us its loveliness to enjoy and to admire. Nature provides us with its riches: water and air, soil, mineral resources, flora and fauna, forests and fields. But gone are the days when people thought that natural resources co
u
ldn't be exhausted. Unfortunately man's activity has damaged greatly the state of the environment. It's a common knowledge that many species of flora and fauna have already disappeared or are disappearing because of harmful actions of people. Dolphins and

whales are often found dead. Chemicals are accumulated in their bodies which caused problems with their liver, immune and reproductive systems. Intensive way of farming and wide use of pesticides are the main reason why the soil of our country is exhauste
d. Besides pesticides reduce birdsТ
food supplying. They kill worms and snakes. This food shortage leads to death of many rare birds and animals. More than that great damage is also caused by acid rains. Industrial plants send harmful substances and gases i
nto the air. There they mix and are carried for hundreds of miles by the wind. Finally they fall back on the earth when it rains. Acid rains kill fish, trees and destroy the environment. There is no doubt, that there is a serious threat to our environment
.
More and more people realize it. I think it's the moral duty of every citizen of our country as well as of the government to take care about nature. As for our government its main aim is to preserve and to enhance the natural inheritance of our country.
M
any people are involved in Greenpeace organization. Its main aim is to gather valuable information about the state of the environment and to draw people's attention to this vital problem. I think we have to look after our planet and to hand it in good ord
er for the future generations.


Meals and Cooking (Еда и ее пр
иготовление )


When we cook, we boil, roast, fry or stew our food. We boil eggs, meat, chicken, fish, milk, water and vegetables. We roast meat or chicken. We fry eggs, fish and vegetables. We stew fish, meat, vegetables or fruits... We put s
alt, sugar, pepper, vinegar and mustard into our food to make it salted, sweet, sour or simply tasty. Our food may taste good or bad or it may be tasteless. The usual meals in England are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner or, in simpler houses, breakfast,
d
inner, tea and supper. For breakfast English people mostly have porridge or corn flakes with milk or cream and sugar, bacon and eggs, marmalade with buttered toast and tea or coffee. For a change they can have a boiled egg, cold ham or fish. English peopl
e
generally have lunch about one o'clock. At lunchtime in London restaurant one usually finds a mutton chop, or steak and chips, or cold meat, or fish with potatoes and salad, then a pudding or fruits to follow. Afternoon tea can hardly be called a meal. I
t
is a substantial meal only in well-to-do families. It is between five and six o'clock. It is rather a sociable sort of thing, as friends often come in then for a chat while they have their cup of tea, cake or biscuit. In some houses dinner is the biggest
meal of the day. But in majority of English homes the midday meal is the chief one of the day, and in the evening there is usually a much simpler supper Ч
an omelets, or sausages, sometimes bacon and eggs and sometimes just bread and cheese, a cup of coffee or cocoa and fruits.

Our Health ( Наше здоров
ье)

When we are ill, we call a doctor, and he examines us and diagnoses the illness. When we have a headache, a sto¬
machache, a sore throat, a cold or a pain in some parts of the body, we call a doctor. He takes our temperature and our pulse.
He examines our heart, our lungs, our stomach or the part where we have pain, and tells us what the matter is with us. The doctor prescribes medicine, and gives us a prescription, which we take to the chemist's, who makes up the medicine. If you follow t
h
e doctor's orders, you get better; if you disobey the doctor, you may get worse, and even die. We must obey the doctor, if we want to get better. If we have a temperature, we must stay in bed and take the medicine he prescribes. If we cannot get better at

home we must go to hospital. If we are too ill to walk, we go to hospital in the ambu-lance. After our illness we can go to a sanatorium until we are strong again. When we have toothache, we go to the dentist's. He examines our teeth, finds the tooth, whi
c
h hurts us, stops or extracts it. Now here in Russia health system incorporates a variety of medical institutions. The medical service in Russia is of two kinds. Some state establishments give their employees medical insurance cards. They guarantee the pe
ople free of charge medical assistance. Some medical establishments charge fees for treatment. They may be rather high, but our medical service now uses all modern equipment and medicines and provides qualified medical help to all people.


Education [ , edju
Т keIS(q)n] ( Образование
)

It is widely known that education helps to form the personality and prepares one for life.
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