В заключение мы рассмотрели некоторые из причин
неадекватной установки к восприятию: во-первых, не-
59
умение усвоить подходящие категории для классификации
событий окружения и установления их последовательно-
сти; во-вторых, искажения, в результате которых более
доступные категории с широкими пределами маскируют
категории менее доступные, мешая использованию их для
кодирования доходящих до субъекта раздражителей.
В свете этих представлений может быть пересмотрен ряд
понятий, связанных с динамикой восприятия, и в част-
ности понятие перцептивной защиты.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. A Ilport F. Н. Theories of perception and the con-
cept of structure. New York, Wiley, 1955.
2. Asch S. E. Social psychology. New York, Prentice-Hall,
1952.
3. В artlett F. С. Remembering: a study in experimental
and social psychology. Cambridge, Eng., Cambridge University
Press, 1932.
4. Binder A. A statistical model for the process of visual
recognition; Psychological Review, 1955, 62, 119-129.
5. В itterman M. E. and К niffin С. W. Manifest
anxiety and "perceptual defense". Journal of Abnormal and Social
Psychology, 1953, 48, 248-252.
6. В ricker P. D. and Chapanis A. Do incorrectly
perceived tachistoscopic stimuli convey some information? Psycholo-
gical Review, 1953, 60, 181-188.
7. В row n D. R. Stimulus similarity and the anchoring of
subjective scales. American Journal of Psychology, 1953, 66, 199-214.
8. Брунер Дж. С. Динамика личности и процесс восприятия.
Си. настоящий сборник, стр. 81-114.
9. Bruner J. S., Goodnow J. J. and AustinG. A.
A study of thinking. New York, Wiley, 1956.
10. Bruner J. S., M i lie r, G. A. and Z immerman G.
Discriminative skill and discriminative matching in perceptlial
recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1955, 49,
187-192.
II. Bruner J. S. and M inturn A. L. Perceptual iden-
tification and perceptual organization. Journal of General Psychology,
1955, 53, 21-28.
12. Bruner
vity in perception
69-77.
13. Bruner
tion and behavior.
14. Bruner
J. S. and Postma
and reaction. Journal
n L. Emotional selecti-
o/ Personality, 1947, 16,
J, S. and Postman L. Perception, cogni-
Journal of Personality, 1949, 18, 14-31.
J. S. and Postman L. On the perception
of incongruity: a paradigm. Journal of Personality, 1949, 18, 206-
M60
on perception. Journal of Personality, 1951, 19,
basis of mind.
15. Bruner J. S., Postman L., and John W. Nor-
malization of incongruity. Research memorandum, Cognition Project,
Harvard University, 1949.
16. Bruner J. S., Postman L., and R о drigues J.
Expectation and the perception of color. American Journal of Psycho-
logy, 1951, 64, 216-227.
17. В runswik E. Systematic and representative design of
psychological experiments. Berkeley, University of California Press,
1947.
18. Bush R. R. and M о s teller C. F. Stochastic mo-
dels for learning. New York, Wiley, 1955.
19. Chapman D. W. Relative effects of determinate and inde-
terminate Aufgaben. American Journal of Psychology, 1932, 44,
igg_nJi
20. С о we n E. L. and В eier E.G. The influence of
"threat expectancy" on perception. Journal of Pers
85-94.
21. Eccles J. С. The neurophysiological
Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1953.
22. Edwards W. The theory of decision making. Psycholo-
gical Bulletin, 1954, 51, 380-417.
23. E stes W. К. Individual behavior in uncertain situations:
an interpretation in terms of statistical association theory. In: Decision
processes, ed. R. M. Thrall, C. Н. Coombs, and R. L. Davis, New York,
Wiley, 1954, p. 127-137.
24. Fry D. P. and Denes P. Mechanical speech recogni-
tion. In: Communication theory, ed. W. Jackson, New York,Academic
Press, 1953.
25. Calanter E. and Gerstenhaber M. On tho-
ught: extrinsic theory of insight. American Psychologist, 1955, 10,
465.
26. GibsonJ. J. The perception of the visual world. Boston,
Houghton Mifflin, 1950.
27. Gibson J. J. and Gibson E. J. Perceptual lear-
ning: differentiation or enrichment?, Psychological Review, 1955, 62,
32-41.
28. Galambos R., S h eatz G., and Vernier V. G.
Electrophysiological correlates of a conditioned response in cats.
Science, 1956. 123, 376-377.
29. Goodnow J. J. Determinants of choice-distribution in
two-choice situations. American Journal of Psychology, 1955, 68,
106-116.
30. Goodnow J. J. and Pettigrew Т. E. Some diffi-
culties in learning a simple pattern of events. Paper presented at
annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Atlantic
City, N. J., March, 1956.
31. Graham C. H. Perception and behavior. Presidential
address to the Eastern Psychological Association, Atlantic City,
N. J., March, 1956.
32. Granit R. Receptors and sensory perception. New Haven,
Conn., Yale University Press, 1955.
33. H aire M. and G runes W. F. Perceptual defenses:
processes protecting an organized perception of another personality,
Human Relations, 1950, 3, 403-412.
61
34. H a k e H. W. and Hyman R. Perception of the stati-
stical structure of a random series of binary symbols. Journal of
Experimental Psychology, 1953, 45, 64-74.
35. Harper R. S. and Boring E.G. Gues. American
Journal of Psychology, 1948, 61, 119-123.
36. H e bb D. 0. The organization of behavior. New York,
Wiley, 1949.
37. Helson H. Adaptation-level as a basis for a quantitative
theory of frames of reference. Psychological Review, 1948, 55, 297-
313.
38. Hernande z-P eon R., Scherrer R. H. and
Jouvet M. Modification of electric activity in the cochlear nuc-
leus during "attention" in unancsthetized cats. Science, 1956, 123,
331-332.
39, H о rnboste I E. M. von. Unity of the senses. Psyche,
1926, 7, 83-89.
40. Howes D. On the interpretation of word frequency as a
variable affecting speed of recognition. Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 1954, 48, 106-112.
41. I r win F. W. Stated expectations as functions of probabi-
lity and desirability of outcomes. Journal of Personality, 1953, 21,
329-335.
42. I ttleson W. H. The Ames demonstrations in percep-
tion. Princeton, N, J., Princeton University Press, 1952.
43. J arrett J. Strategies in risk-taking situations. Нео-
публикованная докторская диссертация, Harvard University
Library, 1951.
44. J arvik M. E. Probability learning and a negative recency
effect in the serial anticipation of alternative symbols. Journal of
Experimental Psychology, 1951, 41, 291-297.
45. J enkin N. Two types of perceptual experience. Journal
of Clinical Psychology, 1956, 12, 44-49.
46. К I ein G. S. The personal world through perception. In:
Perception, an approach to personality, ed. R. R. Blake and G. V. Ram-
sey, New York, Ronald Press, 1951, p. 328-355.
47. Kohler 1. Rehabituation in perception. In: Die Pyra-
mide, 1953, Heft 5, 6, and 7.
48. Kohler W. Dynamics in psychology. New York, Live-
right, 1940.
49. Kuffler S. W., and Hunt C.C.The mammalian
small-nerve fibers: a system for efferent nervous regulation of muscle
spindle discharge. Proceedings of the Association for Research in
Nervous and Mental Disease, 1952, 30.
50. Kuffler S. W.; H unt C. C., and Q uillian J, P.
Function of medullated small-nerve fibers in mammalian ventral
roots: efferent muscle spindle innervation Journal of Neurophysiology,
1951, 14, 29-54.
51. L ashley К. S. Experimental analysis of instinctive
behavior. Psychological Review, 1938, 45, 445-471.
52. L ashley К. S. In search of the engram. Symposia of the
Society for Experimental Biology, 1950, 4, 454-482.
53. Lazarus R. S., Eriksen G. W., and F onda
C. P. Personality dynamics and auditory perceptual recognition.
Journal of Personality, 1951, 19, 471-482.
62
54. Lazarus R. S. and M с Clear у R. A. Autonornio
discrimination without awareness: a study of subception. Psycholo-
gical Review, 1951, 58, ИЗ-222.
55. L e k sell L, The action potential and excitatory effects
of the small ventral root fibers to skeletal muscles. Acta Physiologic>
Scandinavica, 1945, 10, suppi. 31.
56. Lenneberg E. H. An empirical investigation into the
relationship between language and cognition. Неопубликованная
докторская диссертация, Harvard University Library, 1956.
57. Lorente de No R, Transmission of impulses through
cranial motor nuclei. Journal of Neurophysiology, 1939, 2, 402-
464.
58. M с Ginnies E. Emotionality and porceptual defense.
Psychological Review, 1949, 56, 244-251.
59. M а с Ка у D. M. Toward an information-flow model of
human behavior. British Journal of Psychology, 1956, 47, 30-43.
60. M arks R. W. The effect of probability, desirability, and
"privilege" on the state of expectations of children. Journal of Perfo-
nality, 1951, 19, 332-351.
61. Miller G. A., Bruner J. S. and Postman L.
Familiarity of letter sequences and tachistoscopic identification.
Journal of General Psychology, 1954, 50, 129-139.
62. Miller G. A., Heise G. A. and Lichten W.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154