90; and V. Franki, The Doctor and the Soul (New York: Alfred
A. Knopf. 1965), p. xi.
II. S. Maddi, "The Search for Meaning", in The Nebraska Symposium on Motiva-
tion-1970, ed. W. Arnold and M. Page (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1970),
pp. 137-86.
12. S. Maddi, "The Existential Neurosis", Journal of Abnormal Psychology (1967)
72:311-25.
13. В. Wolman, "Principles of International Psychotherapy" in Psychotherapy: Theo-
ry. Research and Practice (1975) 12:149-59.
14. N. Hobbs, "Sources of Gain in Psychotherapy", American Psychologist (1962)
17:742-48.
15. The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. IV, ed. P. Edwards, et al. (New York:
Macrnillan and Free Press, 1967), pp. 467-78.
16. В. Pascal, cited in V. Franki, The Doctor and the Soul, 2nd ed. (New York: Al-
fred A. Knopf, 1965), p. 31.
17. V. FranM, Mans Search for Meaning (Boston: Beacon Press, 1963), pp. 186-
87.
18. M. Maimonides, The Guide of the Perplexed, vol. II (Chicago, London: Universi-
ty of Chicago Press, 1963), pp. 634-36.
19. С. Jung, cited in Jaffe, Myth of Meaning, p. 130.
20. C. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections (New York: Pantheon Books, 1961), pp.
255-56.
21. G. Hegel, cited in Jaffe, Myth of Meaning, p. 145.
22. R. Rilke, Ausgewahlte Werke, vol. I (Leipzig: Iminsel-Verlag, 1930), p. 28: trans-
lation by Marilyn Yalom.
23. Т. Mann, cited in Jaffe, Myth of Meaning, p. 140.
24. Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man (New York: Harper, 1959).
25. C. Merchant. The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology and Scientific Revolution (San
Francisco: Harper Row, 1980).
26. A. Pope, The Selected Poetry of Pope, ed. M. Price (New York: New American
Library, 1978), p. 133.
27. Т. Dobzhansky, The Biology of UMmafe Concern (New York: New American Li-
brary. 1967), p. 132.
28. P. Teilhard de Chardin. cited in Dobzhansky, Biology of Ultimate Concern, p. 137.
29. A. Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays (New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
1955).
30. A. Camus, A Happy Death (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1972).
31. A. Camus. The Stranger (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946).
32. A. Camus, Myth of Sisyphus, p. 90.
33. A. Camus, The Plague (New York: Modern Library, 1948).
34. J. P. Sartre, cited in R. Hepburn, "Questions about the Meaning of Life", Re-
ligious Studies (1965) 1:125-40.
35. J. P. Sartre. No Exit and Three Other Plays (New York: Vintage Books, 1955).
36. Ibid., p. 91.
37. Ibid., p. 92.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid., p. 94.
40. Ibid., p. 94.
41. Ibid., p. 105.
42. Ibid.. p. 108.
43. Ibid.. p. 121-122.
44. Ibid., p. 123.
45. Ibid., p. 124.
46. G. Allport, cited in V. Franki, Will to Meaning, p. 66.
47. C. Jung, cited in Jaffe, Myth of Meaning, p. 146.
48. К. Jaspers, cited in Franki, Will to Meaning, p. 38.
49. W. Durant. On the leaning of Life (New York: Ray Long and Richard R. Smith,
1932), pp. 128-29.
50. Ibid., p. 129.
51. 1. Taylor. cited in S. Maddi, "The Strenuousness of the Creative Life", in
I.A.Taylor and J, W. Getzels, eds.. Perspectives in Creativity (Chicago: Aldine. 1975),
pp. 173-90.
52. L. Beethoven, cited in M. Von Andics, Suicide and the Meaning of Life (London:
William Hodge, 1947), p. 178.
53. A. Roe, "Changes in Scientific Activities with Age". Science (1965) 150:313-18.
54. M. Crosby. oral communication, 1979.
55. P. Koestenbaum, Is There an Answer to Death? (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1976),
pp. 37-38.
56. J. Brennecke and R. Amick, The Struggle for Significance, 2nd ed. (Beverly Hills,
Calif.: Clencoe Press, 1975), pp. 9-10.
57. A. Maslow, Toward a Psychology of Being (N.J.: Van Nostrand, 1962), p. 147.
58. M. Buber, "The Way of Man According to the Teachings of Hasidism", in Reli-
gion from Tolstoy to Camus, ed. W. Kaufman (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1961),
pp. 425-41.
59. Ibid., p. 437.
60. E. Erikson, Childhood and Society, 2nd ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1963),
pp. 247-74.
61. G. Vaillant. Adaptation to Life (Boston: Little, Brown. 1977); R. Gould, "The
Phases of Adult Life: A Study in Developmental Psychology", American Journal of Psychia-
try (1972) 129:521-31: and D. Levinson. The Seasons of A Mans Life (New York:
Alfred A. Knopf, 1978).
62. Erikson, Childhood, p. 267,
63. G. Vaillant. Adaptation, p. 22S.
64. Ibid., p. 232.
65. Ibid., p. 343.
66. N. Haan and J. Block, cited in G. Vaillant, op. cit., p. 330.
67. V. Franki, Man s Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy (New York:
Pocket Books, 1963).
68. V. Franki, oral communication, 1971.
69. V. Franki, Will to Meaning, p. 21.
70. V. Franki, "Self-transcendence as a Human Phenomenon", Journal of Humanis-
tic Psychology (1966) 6:97-107.
71. С. Buhler. "The Human Course of Life in Its Goal Aspects", Journal of Human-
istic Psychology. (1964) 4:1-17.
72. G. Allport, Becoming: Basic Considerations for a Psychology of Personality (New
Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1955).
73. V. Franki, Mans Search, p. 166.
74. V. Franki, "Self-transcendence".
75. W. Frankena, Ethics (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1973) p. 86.
76. A. Watts, The Meaning of Happiness (New York: Perennial Library, Harper Row,
1940), p. vi.
77. V. Franki. Mans Search for Meaning, p. 154.
78. A. Ungersma. The Search for Meaning (Philadelphia. Pa.: Westminister Press,
1961), pp. 27f.
79. V. Franki, "Self-transcendence".
80. V. Franki, Mans Search for Meaning, p. 155.
. Ibid., p. 154.
V. Franki, Will to Meaning, p. 70.
81.
82.
83. V. Franki. cited in J. Fabry, The Pursuit of Meaning (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968),
p. 40.
84. Ibid., p. 44.
85. V. Franki, Will to Meaning, p. 21.
86. S:Bloch et al., "Outcome in Psychotherapy Evaluated by Independent Judges",
British Journal of Psychiatry (1977) 131:410-14; and G. Bond, et al.. "The Evaluation of
the Target Problem Approach to Outcome Measures" Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and
Practice (1979) 16(1): 48-54.
87. J. Gardner, doctoral dissertation. University of Chicago, 1977.
88. S. Freud, cited in Edwards. "Meaning and Value", p. 477.
89. V. Franki, Will to Meaning, p. 84.
90. J. Crumbaugh. "Frankls Logotherapy: A New Orientation in Counseling", Jour-
nal of Religion and Health (1971) 10:373-86.
91. Ing. Alois Habinger, cited in V. Franki, "The Feeling of Meaninglessness:
A Challenge to Psychotherapy", American Journal of Psychoanalysis (1972) 32:85-89.
92. Maddi, "Search for Meaning": Maddi, "Existential Neurosis": and S. Kobasa
and S. Maddi, "Existential Personality Theory," in Current Personality Theory, ed.
R. Corsini (Itasca, III.: Peacock Books. 1979).
"The Alienation Test", Journal of Hu-
93. S. Maddi, oral communications, 1979.
94. S. Maddi, S. Kobasa, and M. Hoover,
monistic Psychology (1979) 19(4): 73-76.
95. Maddi, "Search for Meaning."
96. J. Pike, Beyond Anxiety (New York: Charles Scribner, 1953).
97. J. Crumbaugh and L. Maholick, "An Experimental Study in Existentialism: The
Approach to Frankls Concept ofNoogenic Neurosis", Journal of Clinical Psychology (1964)
20:200-207.
98. J. Braun and G. Dolmino, "The Purpose in Life Test," in The Seventh Mental
Measurements Yearbook, ed. О. К. Buros (Highland Park, N.J.: Gryphon Press, 1978),
p. 656.
99. Ibid.
100. Ibid.
101. J. Battista and R. Almond. "The Development of Meaning in Life", Psychiatry
(1973) 36:409-27.
102. С. Garfield, "A Psychonietric and Clinical Investigation of Frankls Concept of
Existential Vacuum and ofAnomie", Psychiatry (1973) 36:396-408.
103. Braun and Domino, "Purpose in Life Test".
104. Ibid.
105. J. Crumbaugh. "Cross-Validation of Purpose in Life Test", Journal of Individual
Psychology, (1968) 24:74-81.
106. M. Familetti, "A Comparison of the Meaning and Purpose in Life of Delinquent
and Non-delinquent High School Boys", United States International University, Disserta-
tion Abstracts International Sept. 1975 vol. 36(3-A), 1825.
107. В. Padelford, "Relationship between Drug Involvement and Purpose in Life",
San Diego State University, Journal of Clinical Psychology (1974) 30(3):303-5.
108. Crumbaugh, "Cross-Validation".
109. Ibid.
110. Crumbaugh, "Frankls Logotherapy".
III. R. Jacobson, D. Ritter, and L. Mueller, "Purpose in Life and Personal Values
among Adult Alcoholics", Journal of Clinical Psychology (1977) 33(1)314-16.
112. В. Sheffield and P. Pearson, "Purpose in Life in a Sample of British Psychiatric
Outpatients", Journal of Clinical Psychology (1974) 30(4)459.
113. D. SalleeandJ. Casciani, "Relationship between SexDrive and Sexual Frustra-
tion and Purpose in Life", Journal of Clinical Psychology (1967) 32(2) 273-75.
114. J. Thomas and E. Weiner, "Psychological Differences among Groups of Criti-
cally III Hospitalized Patients, Noncritically III Hospitalized Patients and Well Controls",
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (1974) 42(2) 274-79.
115. J. Crandall and R. Rasmussen, "Purpose in Life as Related to Specific Values",
Journal of Clinical Psychology (1975) 31(3) 483-85.
116. Ibid.: and D. Soderstrom and E. Wright, "Religious Orientation and Meaning in
Life", Journal of Clinical Psychology (1977) 33(1) 65-68.
117. J. McCarthy, "Death Anxiety, Intrinsicness of Religion and Purpose in Life among
Nuns and Roman Catholic Female Undergraduates", Dissertation Abstracts International
(1975) vol. 35(11-B) 5646.
118. P. Pearson and B. Sheffield, "Purpose in Life and Social Attitudes in Psychiat-
ric Patients", Journal of Clinical Psychology (1975) 31(2) 330-32.
119. J. Crumbaugh, Sister Mary Raphael, and R.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248